Tidying methods for mixed effects models

lme4 tidiers will soon be deprecated in broom and there is no ongoing development of these functions at this time. lme4 tidiers are being developed in the broom.mixed package, which is not yet on CRAN.

# S3 method for merMod
tidy(x, effects = c("ran_pars", "fixed"),
  scales = NULL, ran_prefix = NULL, conf.int = FALSE,
  conf.level = 0.95, conf.method = "Wald", ...)

# S3 method for merMod
augment(x, data = stats::model.frame(x), newdata, ...)

# S3 method for merMod
glance(x, ...)

Arguments

x	An object of class merMod, such as those from lmer, glmer, or nlmer
effects	A character vector including one or more of "fixed" (fixed-effect parameters), "ran_pars" (variances and covariances or standard deviations and correlations of random effect terms) or "ran_modes" (conditional modes/BLUPs/latent variable estimates)
scales	scales on which to report the variables: for random effects, the choices are ‘"sdcor"’ (standard deviations and correlations: the default if scales is NULL) or ‘"vcov"’ (variances and covariances). NA means no transformation, appropriate e.g. for fixed effects; inverse-link transformations (exponentiation or logistic) are not yet implemented, but may be in the future.
ran_prefix	a length-2 character vector specifying the strings to use as prefixes for self- (variance/standard deviation) and cross- (covariance/correlation) random effects terms
conf.int	whether to include a confidence interval
conf.level	confidence level for CI
conf.method	method for computing confidence intervals (see lme4::confint.merMod)
...	extra arguments (not used)
data	original data this was fitted on; if not given this will attempt to be reconstructed
newdata	new data to be used for prediction; optional

Value

All tidying methods return a data.frame without rownames. The structure depends on the method chosen.

tidy returns one row for each estimated effect, either with groups depending on the effects parameter. It contains the columns

group

the group within which the random effect is being estimated: "fixed" for fixed effects

level

level within group (NA except for modes)

term

term being estimated

estimate

estimated coefficient

std.error

standard error

statistic

t- or Z-statistic (NA for modes)

p.value

P-value computed from t-statistic (may be missing/NA)

augment returns one row for each original observation, with columns (each prepended by a .) added. Included are the columns

.fitted

predicted values

.resid

residuals

.fixed

predicted values with no random effects

Also added for "merMod" objects, but not for "mer" objects, are values from the response object within the model (of type lmResp, glmResp, nlsResp, etc). These include ".mu", ".offset", ".sqrtXwt", ".sqrtrwt", ".eta". glance returns one row with the columns

sigma

the square root of the estimated residual variance

logLik

the data's log-likelihood under the model

AIC

the Akaike Information Criterion

BIC

the Bayesian Information Criterion

deviance

deviance

Details

These methods tidy the coefficients of mixed effects models, particularly responses of the merMod class

When the modeling was performed with na.action = "na.omit" (as is the typical default), rows with NA in the initial data are omitted entirely from the augmented data frame. When the modeling was performed with na.action = "na.exclude", one should provide the original data as a second argument, at which point the augmented data will contain those rows (typically with NAs in place of the new columns). If the original data is not provided to augment() and na.action = "na.exclude", a warning is raised and the incomplete rows are dropped.

See also

na.action

Examples

if (FALSE) {
if (require("lme4")) {
    # example regressions are from lme4 documentation
    lmm1 <- lmer(Reaction ~ Days + (Days | Subject), sleepstudy)
    tidy(lmm1)
    tidy(lmm1, effects = "fixed")
    tidy(lmm1, effects = "fixed", conf.int=TRUE)
    tidy(lmm1, effects = "fixed", conf.int=TRUE, conf.method="profile")
    tidy(lmm1, effects = "ran_modes", conf.int=TRUE)
    head(augment(lmm1, sleepstudy))
    glance(lmm1)

    glmm1 <- glmer(cbind(incidence, size - incidence) ~ period + (1 | herd),
                  data = cbpp, family = binomial)
    tidy(glmm1)
    tidy(glmm1, effects = "fixed")
    head(augment(glmm1, cbpp))
    glance(glmm1)

    startvec <- c(Asym = 200, xmid = 725, scal = 350)
    nm1 <- nlmer(circumference ~ SSlogis(age, Asym, xmid, scal) ~ Asym|Tree,
                  Orange, start = startvec)
    tidy(nm1)
    tidy(nm1, effects = "fixed")
    head(augment(nm1, Orange))
    glance(nm1)
}
}